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The Penitentiary of New Mexico Prison Riot, which took place on February 2 and 3, 1980, in the state's maximum security prison south of Santa Fe, was one of the most violent prison riots in the history of the American correctional system: 33 inmates died and more than 200 inmates were treated for injuries.〔R. Morris, ''Devil's Butcher Shop: The New Mexico Prison Uprising'', University of New Mexico Press, 1983.〕 None of the 12 officers taken hostage were killed, but seven were treated for injuries caused by beatings and rapes.〔Mark Colvin ''The Penitentiary in Crisis: From Accommodation to Riot in New Mexico'', SUNY Press (1992).〕 This was the third major riot at the NM State Penitentiary, the first occurring on 19 July 1922〔Johnson, Judith R. (1994) "A Mighty Fortress is the Pen: Development of the New Mexico Penitentiary" pp. 119–132 ''In'' DeMark, Judith Boycw (editor) (1994) ''Essays in Twentieth-Century New Mexico History'' University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, ISBN 0-8263-1359-0, page 124〕 and the second on 15 June 1953.〔Johnson, Judith R. (1994) "A Mighty Fortress is the Pen: Development of the New Mexico Penitentiary" pp. 119–132 ''In'' DeMark, Judith Boycw (editor) (1994) ''Essays in Twentieth-Century New Mexico History'' University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, ISBN 0-8263-1359-0, page 128〕 Author Roger Morris suggests the death toll may have been higher, as a number of bodies were incinerated or dismembered during the course of the mayhem.〔 page number needed〕 ==Causes== The causes of the New Mexico Penitentiary riot are well documented. Author R. Morris wrote that "the riot was a predictable incident based on an assessment of prison conditions".〔 Prison overcrowding and inferior prison services, common problems in many correctional facilities, were major causes of the disturbance.〔 On the night of the riot, there were 1,136 inmates in a prison designed for only 900.〔Schmalleger, Frank and Smikla, John Ortiz (2001) ''Corrections in the 21st Century'' McGraw Hill, New York, page 317, ISBN 978-0-02-802567-4〕 Prisoners were not adequately separated. Many were housed in communal dormitories that were unsanitary and served poor-quality food. Another major cause of the riot was the cancellation of educational, recreational and other rehabilitative programs that had run from 1970 to 1975. In that five-year period, the prison had been described as relatively calm.〔Mark Colvin, "The 1980 New Mexico Prison Riot", ''Social Problems'', Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 449–463, June 1982.〕 When the educational and recreational programs were stopped in 1975, prisoners had to be locked down for long periods. These conditions created strong feelings of deprivation and discontent in the inmate population that would later lead to violence and disorder.〔B. Useem, "Disorganization and the New Mexico Prison Riot of 1980", ''American Sociological Review'', Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 677-688, October 1985.〕 Inconsistent policies and poor communications meant relations between officers and inmates were always in decline. These patterns have been described as paralleling trends in other U.S. prisons from the 1960s and 1970s, and as a factor that moved inmates away from solidarity in the 1960s to violence and fragmentation in the 1970s.〔 Following a change in prison leadership in the mid-1970s, the prison experienced a shortage of trained correctional staff. A subsequent investigation by the state attorney general's office found that prison officials began coercing prisoners to become informants in a strategy known as "the snitch game". The state's report said that retribution for snitching led to an increased incidence of violence at the prison in the late 1970s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Mexico State Penitentiary riot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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